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Spring 2006 |
A STUDY OF THE PREVALENCE OF THE USE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF OIL AND FAT IN URBAN AND RURAL IRANIAN COMMUNITIES ACCORDING TO EDUCATION
Abstract
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is increasing in
industrialized communities. Dyslipidemia is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor which
is related to diet, especially consumption of hard margarine and hydrogenated fat.
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors differs in communities.
We studied the prevalence of consumption of different types of oil and fat in areas of
Central Iran.
METHODS: The subjects were selected using randomized cluster sampling and divided
into rural and urban groups. A 48-item standard food frequency questionnaire was filled
out for every subject by a trained interviewer, who also obtained demographic data. Data
were analyzed with SPSS. Different educational groups and the two sexes in urban and
rural areas were compared using chi square test and paired t-test. P values below 0.05
were considered as significant.
RESULTS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 12600 adult
subjects aged above 19 years in the cities of Isfahan, Najafabad, and Arak. Consumption
of olive oil and other types of oil in the urban community of Isfahan was higher than in
the rural community. Consumption of animal oil and fat was higher in the rural
community of Isfahan. In subjects with high school education and higher, consumption
of different types of oil was not found to be different between urban and rural
communities, or between men and women. In Arak, no difference was found between
rural and urban subjects with high school education and higher, in respect of
consumption of different types of oil. Among subjects with lower education, however,
consumption of olive oil and other types of oil was higher in urban areas and
consumption of animal oil and fat was higher in rural men. In Najafabad, no difference
was found between different educational groups in respect of the different types of oil
consumed; only consumption of animal oil in rural subjects educated below high school
diploma was higher than in cities.
CONCLUSIONS: Among individuals with high school education and higher, no
difference was found between rural and urban populations in respect of the types of oil
consumed. However, among individuals with low education, consumption of animal oil
and fat as well as hard margarine was higher in the rural population, while the urban
population consumed higher amounts of oil and olive oil. The pattern of oil and fat
consumption in men and women was different in the cities of Najafabad and Arak, but
almost similar in Isfahan. Geographical location and education affect the pattern of oil
and fat consumption. Unhealthy lifestyle habits are more prevalent in members of the
rural population with low education.
Key Words: Fat, oil, urban population, rural population, education.
INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is increasing in
industrialized communities. Dyslipidemia is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor which
is related to diet, especially consumption of hard margarine and hydrogenated fat.
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors differs in communities.
We studied the prevalence of consumption of different types of oil and fat in areas of
Central Iran.
METHODS: The subjects were selected using randomized cluster sampling and divided
into rural and urban groups. A 48-item standard food frequency questionnaire was filled
out for every subject by a trained interviewer, who also obtained demographic data. Data
were analyzed with SPSS. Different educational groups and the two sexes in urban and
rural areas were compared using chi square test and paired t-test. P values below 0.05
were considered as significant.
RESULTS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 12600 adult
subjects aged above 19 years in the cities of Isfahan, Najafabad, and Arak. Consumption
of olive oil and other types of oil in the urban community of Isfahan was higher than in
the rural community. Consumption of animal oil and fat was higher in the rural
community of Isfahan. In subjects with high school education and higher, consumption
of different types of oil was not found to be different between urban and rural
communities, or between men and women. In Arak, no difference was found between
rural and urban subjects with high school education and higher, in respect of
consumption of different types of oil. Among subjects with lower education, however,
consumption of olive oil and other types of oil was higher in urban areas and
consumption of animal oil and fat was higher in rural men. In Najafabad, no difference
was found between different educational groups in respect of the different types of oil
consumed; only consumption of animal oil in rural subjects educated below high school
diploma was higher than in cities.
CONCLUSIONS: Among individuals with high school education and higher, no
difference was found between rural and urban populations in respect of the types of oil
consumed. However, among individuals with low education, consumption of animal oil
and fat as well as hard margarine was higher in the rural population, while the urban
population consumed higher amounts of oil and olive oil. The pattern of oil and fat
consumption in men and women was different in the cities of Najafabad and Arak, but
almost similar in Isfahan. Geographical location and education affect the pattern of oil
and fat consumption. Unhealthy lifestyle habits are more prevalent in members of the
rural population with low education.
Key Words: Fat, oil, urban population, rural population, education.
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